This research article examines legal discrimination against CHILDREN born out of wedlock in Iran. Despite laws promoting equality, societal attitudes influenced by beliefs continue to result in discrimination. The study explores the reconciliation of religious beliefs with legal frameworks and the changes made to the Iranian legal system in response to positive human rights developments. The Article seeks to bridge the research gaps by comparing the experiences of Iranian CHILDREN with those in other countries affected by Islamic law. The study employs library sources and descriptive and historical research methods to examine the legal status of CHILDREN born outside of marriage, both nationally and internationally, and the discrimination they face. The Article is structured into four distinct sections: an analysis of Islamic Law, a review of the Iranian legal system, an assessment of Iran's compliance with international conventions, and a discourse on the necessity of substantial positive change. The Article ultimately recommends the eradication of discrimination through heightened awareness and the advancement of inclusivity FOR all CHILDREN, irrespective of their lineage. In summary, this research Article aims to shed light on legal challenges faced by CHILDREN born outside of marriage in Iran, with the goal of promoting positive changes in their treatment.

After perFORmance of successful program FOR control and treatment of acute gastroenteritis, acute respiratory infections (ARI) especially pneumonia, are the most important infectious etiology of CHILDREN’s mortality in developing countries nowadays.Diagnosis of pneumoma is made on clinical grounds it is based on four sets of data including Clinic, epidemiology, Radiology and routine laboratory tests. Then, pneumonia itself can be divided to three categories including bacterial, viral and atypical pneumonia. Each type of pneumonia is treated after possible diagnosis with its criteria. Correct and accurate knowledge of physicians of diagnosis and therapy of this important disease in CHILDREN could prevent unnecessary costs and decrease its morbidity and mortality.

The present study was conducted by examining the views of relevant experts and their exposure to child labor in Shiraz. Data were obtained through in-depth interviews and analyzed based on grounded theory. Ten axial categories and one core category were extracted from the coding process. The core category was developed under the title of "institutional passivity and sectoralism". The results of the research showed that the causal conditions such as incompatibility and institutional and managerial confusion, diversity of perspectives to the phenomenon of child labor and non-governmental organizations and indifference towards child labor has caused the emergence of this phenomenon. Intervening conditions include: negative representation and conflicting media activities, Inhibition of some domestic and international rules and laws and child labor of nationals and the problem of identification and identity. This central phenomenon is located in special conditions and contexts due to family pressure and starting the work process in childhood, child labor as an income generating industry, child labor as a source of financial support FOR the family and the unique opportunity FOR working CHILDREN, and Shiraz's oppurtunities FOR immigrants. The type of encounter with working CHILDREN in Shiraz has caused numerous consequences that can be seen Unreasonable increase of child labor of nationals, Failure to contain and control the problem of working CHILDREN, lack of proper organization and social support of working CHILDREN, Anonymity of working CHILDREN and persuasion and encouragement of nationals to immigrate to Shiraz.

Sluggish Cognitive Tempo is used to describe a particular type of attention deficit, concentration, and slowness in inFORmation processing. The aim of this study was to investigate the psychometric properties of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) of the parent FORm among Iranian CHILDREN. The present study is a descriptive study. A sample of 1700 people was selected from the provinces of Tehran, East Azerbaijan, West Azerbaijan, Kurdistan, Fars and Khorasan using cluster sampling method. 122 subjects were excluded from statistical analysis due to incomplete answers to the questionnaires and thus the final sample was reduced to 1578 parents. The confirmatory factor analysis method and internal consistency were used to compute the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale factorial validity and reliability, respectively. Also, in order to examine the construct validity of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale, we computed correlations between different dimensions of Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale with Attention Deficit Subscale of Mental Health Assessment Questionnaire FOR CHILDREN and Adolescents. The results of statistical results showed that this scale has structural validity, criterion and convergence in Iranian society. The results indicate that the scale is three factors and also the validity of the scale using Cronbach's alpha method and retest test after Approved two weeks. According to the findings of the present study, the parent FORm of the Sluggish Cognitive Tempo Scale (SCTS) has a good validity and reliability and it can be used in research related to slow cognitive multiplication in Iranian society.

Distance-based clustering methods categorize samples by optimizing a global criterion, finding ellipsoid clusters with roughly equal sizes. In contrast, density-based clustering techniques FORm clusters with arbitrary shapes and sizes by optimizing a local criterion. Most of these methods have several hyper-parameters, and their perFORmance is highly dependent on the hyper-parameter setup. Recently, a Gaussian Density Distance (GDD) approach was proposed to optimize local criteria in terms of distance and density properties of samples. GDD can find clusters with different shapes and sizes without any free parameters. However, it may fail to discover the appropriate clusters due to the interfering of clustered samples in estimating the density and distance properties of remaining unclustered samples. Here, we introduce Adaptive GDD (AGDD), which eliminates the inappropriate effect of clustered samples by adaptively updating the parameters during clustering. It is stable and can identify clusters with various shapes, sizes, and densities without adding extra parameters. The distance metrics calculating the dissimilarity between samples can affect the clustering perFORmance. The effect of different distance measurements is also analyzed on the method. The experimental results conducted on several well-known datasets show the effectiveness of the proposed AGDD method compared to the other well-known clustering methods.

Modern (theoretical) physics seems to be in deep crisis today as many of its core aspects are not empirically well-confirmed. Heated exchanges among physicists on the scientific status of physical theories with little or, at best, a tenuous connection to possible experimental tests is highly visible in the popular scientific literature. Some physicists (e.g., Carroll 2014, 2019; Ijjas et al., 2017) argue that science must discard empirical testability as one of its defining properties and the highly explanatory theories of present-day physics should be exempted from experimental testing, while others (e.g., Ellis & Silk 2014) spot in these arguments (FOR softening the testability or falsifiability requirement FOR modern physics) a dangerous tendency to undermine science. The philosopher of science who naturally draws most attention in these current debates is Karl Popper (1902-1994). His views, however, are often misrepresented in these debates. The prime objective of this paper is to explain how a more enlightened perspective on the ongoing debates can be obtained by a careful scrutiny of the Popperian criterion of falsifiability. As a first step in achieving this objective we will analyze the two major (conceptual) failures on which the current controversies rest. Our next step will be examining the controversial string theory to see whether the criteria of falsifiability is a ‘blunt instrument’ FOR determining its scientific status.

Protective steel doors are widely used in buildings due to their high resistance against the impact loads. However, its heavy weight has been always considered as a major drawback FOR these doors. In this paper, a new optimized stiffened impact-protective steel door incorporating sandwich panel with aluminum foam core (OSSA) is examined. This door consists of two face sheets, main and secondary stiffeners, and aluminum foam as the inner core. In order to optimize the door, at first the rigidity and weight functions of the stiffened steel door were extracted. Then an optimal door weighing 42% less than the primary door was obtained. Due to the high energy absorption capacity of the combined foam core and stiffened steel door structure, the use of aluminum foam core in the optimized steel door was proposed. By doing numerical analysis, and depending on the thickness of the face sheet of OSSA, 20 to 32% reduction in the maximum displacement was observed. The results also showed that, with 67% increase in the peak overpressure, OSSA has kept almost the same maximum displacement as that of the steel door without an aluminum foam. In other words, by using aluminum foam core in the optimized stiffened door, the door will resist 67% more impact load.

This study aimed to investigate the effect of different culture mediums based on the Walne medium on the growth rate, chemical composition, and fatty acid (FA) profile in I. galbana and N. oculata. This experiment was done in a factorial design with two culture media (Walne and modified Walne media) and two microalgae species, including I. galbana and N. oculata. The results showed that the modified culture medium increased total and daily fresh and dried biomass production of I. galbana and N. oculata. Modified culture media increased crude fat (CF) and crude protein (CP) content and total and daily lipid production in both the studied species. However, in both the studied culture mediums, N. oculata had higher growth and production perFORmance compared to I. galbana. Modified growth media also affects the FA profiles of the studied microalgae species. Total saturated and unsaturated FA content was not influenced by the growth medium but modified media increased poly unsaturated FA (PUFA) at the expense of mono unsaturated FA (MUFA). Omega- 3 FA content (linolenic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) was increased as a result of the medium modification in both species. However, linoleic acid content was affected differently in I. galbana and N. oculata. The linoleic acid concentration was reduced in modified medium grown N. oculata but increased in I. galbana. Palmitic acid and stearic acid contents were also decreased in both of the studied species in the modified medium. This study develops microalgal cultivation using a modified Walne medium FOR higher CP, CF, EPA, DHA contents, the ratio of omega3: omega6 FA, and biomass production in N. oculata and I. galbana microalgae.Microalgae species can produce oil and protein in non-cultivable lands, reducing the need FOR defrosting and can have an important role in reducing carbon foot-print of animal production. One of the most valuable products of microalgae is their oil, which ranges from 20 to 50% of the dry weight of microalgae (Brennan and Owende 2010; Leonga et al. 2018). The I. galbana is often grown on farms to produce oils that contain large amounts of PUFA rich in omega-3 long chain FA, such as EPA and DHA (Gouveia et al. 2008). Species of the genus N. oculata are also known to be rich in EPA (Kagan et al. 2014; Borges et al. 2016). Factors such as nutrient quantity and quality, light, pH, turbulence, salinity, and temperature are the most important parameters on which, the growth of microalgae depends (Lavens and Sorgeloos 1996; Converti et al. 2009; Emmanuel and Nelson 2016). Vitamins regulate biochemical reactions in microalgae (Hakalin et al. 2014) and the growth rate of some microalgae species is highly dependent on some the vitamins such as cobalamin, biotin and thiamine (Tandon et al. 2017). However, the effect of vitamins on the growth, diversity, and productivity of microalgae has been poorly studied (Arif et al. 2019). The effects of different Nitrogen and phosphorus concentration as the main limiting nutrients on growth perFORmance and biomass production of I. galbana and N. oculata had been evaluated previously (Andersen 2005; Zarrinmehr et al. 2020). However, there was not any report about effects of modifying the availability of culture medium sources of nitrogen and phosphorus. In the composition of the Walne medium, No3-, Po4-, and Cl- are considered as anions, and Na+, Mn+, Co+, Zn+, and Cu+ are considered as cations. Cations chelating anions and making them less available to microalgae. So, we hypothesize that changing the concentration of cations in the culture media, without increasing the concentration of N and P sources, will change the availability of anionic compounds FOR microalgae and consequently affects microalgal production and composition. ThereFORe, the effects of lower levels of cations including ZnCl2, CoCl2. 6H2O, (NH4)6Mn7O24, and CuSo4. 5H2O and higher levels of B1 and B12 vitamin in Walne medium on the growth rate, biomass production perFORmance, chemical composition, and fatty acid profile of I. galbana and N. oculata, were investigated in this study. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different culture mediums based on the Walne medium on the growth rate, chemical composition, and fatty acid (FA) profile in I. galbana and N. oculata. This experiment was done in a factorial design with two culture media (Walne and modified Walne media) and two microalgae species, including I. galbana and N. oculata. The results showed that the modified culture medium increased total and daily fresh and dried biomass production of I. galbana and N. oculata. Modified culture media increased crude fat (CF) and crude protein (CP) content and total and daily lipid production in both the studied species. However, in both the studied culture mediums, N. oculata had higher growth and production perFORmance compared to I. galbana. Modified growth media also affects the FA profiles of the studied microalgae species. Total saturated and unsaturated FA content was not influenced by the growth medium but modified media increased poly unsaturated FA (PUFA) at the expense of mono unsaturated FA (MUFA). Omega- 3 FA content (linolenic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA)) was increased as a result of the medium modification in both species. However, linoleic acid content was affected differently in I. galbana and N. oculata. The linoleic acid concentration was reduced in modified medium grown N. oculata but increased in I. galbana. Palmitic acid and stearic acid contents were also decreased in both of the studied species in the modified medium. This study develops microalgal cultivation using a modified Walne medium FOR higher CP, CF, EPA, DHA contents, the ratio of omega3: omega6 FA, and biomass production in N. oculata and I. galbana microalgae.

In this paper, a new scheme FOR serial communication is proposed. In this method, in addition to the pulse states (high and low), either of negative slope or positive slope of the pulse (saw-tooth waveFORm) is employed as a representative FOR another digit. Using pulse slope as a representative FOR a separate digit will result in sending two-bit-digits using a single pulse, which doubles the transfer rate. The proposed scheme can be used in both synchronized and asynchronized communications and can improve communication speed. Through simulating the proposed scheme, it turned out that this method, because of its proper immunity to noise, can be used as a peripheral interface alongside in-chip communication. The main idea in the raised discussion is to obtain four different geometric pulse shapes acting as four different numbers in the quaternary numeric system, in which it can be serialized/desrialized as easy as pulse states. This proposed method and the suggested system FOR serialization and deserialization of data can be an adequate alternative in high-speed communication approaches.